SANSKRIT RELATED CONTENT | WIKIPEDIA |
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International Alphabet
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अ [ɐ] a A | आ [ɑː] ā Ā | इ [i] i I | ई [iː] ī Ī | उ [u] u U | ऊ [uː] ū Ū | ऋ [ɹ̩] ṛ Ṛ | ॠ [ɹ̩ː] ṝ Ṝ | ऌ [l̩] ḷ Ḷ | ॡ [l̩ː] ḹ Ḹ | vowels |
ए [eː] e E | ऐ [aːi] ai Ai | ओ [oː] o O | औ [aːu] au Au | diphthongs |
अं [ⁿ] ṃ Ṃ | anusvara |
अः [h] ḥ Ḥ | visarga |
velars | palatals | retroflexes | dentals | labials | |
क [k] k K | च [c] c C | ट [ʈ] ṭ Ṭ | त [t̪] t T | प [p] p P | unvoiced stops |
ख [kʰ] kh Kh | छ [cʰ] ch Ch | ठ [ʈʰ] ṭh Ṭh | थ [t̪ʰ] th Th | फ [pʰ] ph Ph | aspirated unvoiced stops |
ग [ɡ] g G | ज [ɟ] j J | ड [ɖ] ḍ Ḍ | द [d̪] d D | ब [b] b B | voiced stops |
घ [ɡʱ] gh Gh | झ [ɟʱ] jh Jh | ढ [ɖʱ] ḍh Ḍh | ध [d̪ʱ] dh Dh | भ [bʱ] bh Bh | aspirated voiced stops |
ङ [ŋ] ṅ Ṅ | ञ [ɲ] ñ Ñ | ण [ɳ] ṇ Ṇ | न [n] n N | म [m] m M | nasal |
य [j] y Y | र [r] r R | ल [l] l L | व [ʋ] v V | semi-vowels | |
श [ɕ] ś Ś | ष [ʂ] ṣ Ṣ | स [s] s S | sibilants | ||
ह [ɦ] h H | voiced fricative |
Note: Unlike ASCII-only romanizations such as ITRANS or Harvard-Kyoto, the diacritics used for IAST allow capitalization of proper names. The capital variants of letters never occurring word-initially (Ṇ Ṅ Ñ Ṝ) are only useful in Pāṇini contexts, where the convention is to typeset the IT sounds as capital letters (see Aṣṭādhyāyī).
For the most part, IAST is a subset of ISO 15919. The following five exceptions are due to the ISO standard accommodating an extended repertoire symbols to allow transliteration of Devanāgarī and other Indic scripts as used for languages other than Sanskrit.
Devanāgarī | IAST | ISO 15919 | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
ए/ े | e | ē | ISO e represents ऎ/ ॆ. |
ओ/ो | o | ō | ISO o represents ऒ/ॊ. |
ं | ṃ | ṁ | ISO ṃ represents Gurmukhi Tippi ੰ. |
ऋ/ ृ | ṛ | r̥ | ISO ṛ represents ड़ /ɽ/. |
ॠ/ ॄ | ṝ | r̥̄ | for consistency with r̥. |
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