Datganiad cyffredinol
o iawnderau dyn |
Universal
Declaration of Human Rights |
Rhaglith
Gan mai cydnabod urddas cynhenid a iawnderau cydradd a phriod holl aelodau
teulu dyn yw sylfaen rhyddid, cyfiawnder a heddwch yn y byd,
|
Preamble Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and
inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom,
justice and peace in the world, |
Gan i anwybyddu a dirmygu iawnderau dyn arwain i weithredoedd barbaraidd a
dreisiodd gydwybod dynolryw, a bod dyfodiad byd lle y gall bodau dynol fwynhau
rhyddid llafar a chred a rhyddid rhag ofn ac angau wedi ei gyhoeddi yn ddyhead
uchaf y bobl gyffredin,
|
Whereas
disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have
outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall
enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as
the highest aspiration of the common people, |
Gan fod yn rhaid amddiffyn iawnderau dyn a rheolaeth cyfraith, onid yw dyn
dan orfod yn y pen-draw i wrthryfela yn erbyn gormes a thrais,
|
Whereas
it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to
rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the
rule of law, Whereas
it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, |
Gan fod pobloedd y Cenhedloedd Unedig yn y Siarter wedi ailddatgan ffydd yn
iawnderau sylfaenol dyn, yn urddas a gwerth y person dynol ac yn iawnderau
cydradd gwŷr a gwragedd, ac wedi penderfynu hyrwyddo cynnydd cymdeithasol a
safonau-byw gwell mewn rhyddid helaethach,
|
Whereas
the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal
rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better
standards of life in larger freedom, |
Gan fod y Gwladwriaethau sy’n Aelodau wedi ymrwymo, mewn cydweithrediad
â’r Cenhedloedd Unedig, i sicrhau hyrwyddo parch cyffredinol i iawnderau
dyn a’r rhyddfreintiau sylfaenol, a’u cadw,
|
Whereas
Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations,
the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental
freedoms, |
Gan fod deall yr iawnderau a’r rhyddfreintiau hyn gan bawb o’r pwys
mwyaf i lwyr sylweddoli’r ymrwymiad hwn,
Fellŷ, y mae’r
|
Whereas
a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the
full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, |
GYNHADLEDD GYFFREDINOL,
yn awr yn cyhoeddi’r Datganiad Cyffredinol hwn o Iawnderau Dyn yn ddelfryd cyffredin i’r holl
bobloedd a’r holl genhedloedd ymgyrraedd ato, fel y bo i bob person ac i bob
offeryn cymdeithasol, gan ddal y Datganiad hwn mewn cof yn wastad, ymdrechu
trwy ddysgu a hyfforddi i sicrhau parch i’r iawnderau a’r rhyddfreintiau
hyn, a thrwy foddion blaengar, cenedlaethol a chydgenedlaethol, i sicrhau eu
cydnabod a’u cadw yn gyffredinol ac yn effeithiol, ymysg pobloedd y
Gwladwriaethau sy’n Aelodau eu hunain yn ogystal ag ymsyg pobloedd y
tiriogaethau sydd dan eu rheoloaeth.
|
THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY, proclaims this
Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples
and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this
Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect
for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to
secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of
Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. |
Erthygl 1.
Genir pob bod dynol yn rhydd ac yn gydradd â’i gilydd mewn urddas a
iawnderau. Fe’i cynysgaeddir â rheswm a chydwybod, a dylai pawb ymddwyn y
naill at y llall mewn ysbryd brawdoliaeth.
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Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood. |
Erthygl 2.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i’r holl iawnderau a’r rhyddfreintiau a nodir yn y
Datganiad hwn, heb unrhyw wahaniaeth o gwbl, yn arbennig unrhyw wahaniaeth
hil, lliw, rhyw, iaith, crefydd, barn boliticaidd neu unrhyw farn arall,
tarddiad cenedlaethol neu gymdeithasol, eiddo, geni neu safle arall.
|
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in
this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status.
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Ymhellach, ni ddylid gwahaniaethu ar sail safle boliticaidd, gyfreithiol na
chydwladol unrhyw wlad neu diriogacth y mae dyn yn perthyn iddi, pa un bynnag
a fo honno’n annibynnol, dan nawdd, heb hunan-lywodraeth, ai dan unrhyw
gyfyngiad arall ar ei sofraniaeth.
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Furthermore,
no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or
international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. |
Erthygl 3.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i fywyd, rhyddid a’i ddiogelwch ei hun.
|
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. |
Erthygl 4.
Ni ddylid dal neb yn gaethwas nac mewn caethiwed; dylid gwahardd
caethwasiaeth a’r fasnach gaethweision ym mhob agwedd arnynt.
|
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. |
Erthygl 5.
Ni ddylid poenydio neb, na’i drin na’i gosbi yn greulon annynol a
diraddiol.
|
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment. |
Erthygl 6.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i gael ei gydnabod ym mhobman yn berson yng ngŵydd y
gyfraith.
|
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before
the law. |
Erthygl 7.
Y mae pawb yn gydradd yng ngŵydd y gyfraith a chanddo hawl yn
ddiwahaniaeth i’r un amddiffyniad gan y gyfraith. Y mae gan bawb hawl i’r
un amddiffyniad yn erbyn unrhyw wahaniaethu a fyddai’n treisio’r Datganiad
hwn ac yn erbyn unrhyw anogiad i wahaniaethu felly.
|
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to
such discrimination. |
Erthygl 8.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i ymwared effeithiol gan y llysoedd cenedlaethol cymwys
rhag gweithredoedd a fo’n troseddu’r iawnderau sylfaenol a roddwyd iddo
gan y cyfansoddiad neu gan y gyfraith.
|
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent
national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law. |
Erthygl 9.
Ni ddylai neb gael ei ddwyn i ddalfa, na’i gaethiwo na’i alltudio yn
fympwyol.
|
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. |
Erthygl 10.
Y mae gan bawb hawl, mewn cydraddoldeb llawn, i gael ei wrando’n deg a
chyhoeddus gan lys annibynnol ac amhartiol, wrth benderfynu ei hawliau a’i
rwymedigaethau ac unrhyw gyhuddiad troseddol yn ei erbyn.
|
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing
by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him. |
Erthygl 11.
- Y mae gan bawb a gyhuddir o drosedd cosbedigol hawl i gael ci ystyried yn
ddieuog hyd onis profir ef yn euog yn ôl y gyfraith mewn prawf cyhoeddus
lle y bydd wedi cael pob gwarantrwydd angenrheidiol at ei amddiffyniad.
- Ni ddylid euogfarnu neb o drosedd cosbedigol oherwydd unrhyw weithred neu
wall nad oedd yn drosedd, yn ôl cyfraith genedlaethol neu gydgenedlaethol,
pan gyflawnwyd ef. Ni ddylid ychwait osod cosb drymach na’i un a oedd yn
gymwys ar yr adeg y cyflawnwyd y trosedd cosbedigol.
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Article 11
- Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all
the guarantees necessary for his defence.
- No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any
act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international
law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the
one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
|
Erthygl 12.
Ni ddylid ymyrryd yn fympwyol â bywyd preifat neb, na’i deulu, na’i
gartref, na’i ohebiaeth, nac ymosod ar ei anrhydedd na’i enw da. Y mae gan
bawb hawl i amddiffyn gan y gyfraith rhag y cyfryw ymyrraeth ac ymosod.
|
Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his
privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. |
Erthygl 13.
- Y me gan bawb hawl i ymsymud fel y mynno ac i breswylio lle y mynno o fewn
terfynau’r Wladwriaeth.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i adael unrhyw wlad, gan gynnwys ei wlad ei hun, a
hawl i ddychwelyd i’w wlad ei hun.
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Article 13
- Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within
the borders of each State.
- Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and
to return to his country.
|
Erthygl 14.
- Y me gan bawb hawl i geisio ac i gael mewn gwledydd eraill noddfa rhag
erledigaeth.
- Ni ellir hawlio hyn mewn achosion o erledigaeth sy’n gwir ddilyn
troseddau anwleidyddol neu weithredoedd croes i amcanion ac egwyddorion y
Cenhedloedd Unedig.
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Article 14
- Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.
- This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of
the United Nations.
|
Erthygl 15.
- Y me gan bawb hawl i genedligrwydd.
- Ni ddylid amddifadu neb yn fympwyol o’i genedligrwydd na gwrthod
iddo’r hawl i newid ei genedligrwydd.
|
Article 15
- Everyone has the right to a nationality.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied
the right to change his nationality.
|
Erthygl 16.
- Y me gan bawb mewn oed, yn wryw a benyw, heb unrhyw gyfyngiadau o ran hil,
cenedligrwydd na chrefydd, hawl i briodi a sefydlu teulu. Y mae ganddo hefyd
hawl i iawnderau cydradd ynglyn â phriodas, yn ystod priodas ac wrth ei
datod.
- Ni ddylid priodi ond o lwyr fodd y ddau sy’n golygu gwneud hynny.
- Y teulu yw uned naturiol a sylfaenol cymdeithas ac y mae ganddo hawl i
amddiffyn gan gymdeithas a chan y Wladwriaeth.
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Article 16
- Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
- Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of
the intending spouses.
- The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and
is entitled to protection by society and the State.
|
Erthygl 17.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i feddu eiddo ar ei ben ei hun yn ogystal â chydag
eraill.
- Ni ddylid amddifadu neb o’i eiddo yn fympwyol.
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Article 17
- Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
|
Erthygl 18.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i ryddid meddwl, rhyddid cydwybod a rhyddid crefydd; fe
gynnwys hyn ryddid iddo newid ei grefydd neu ei gred, a rhyddid hefyd, naill
ai ar ei ben ei hun ai gydag eraill, yn gyhoeddus neu’n breifat, i amlygu ei
grefydd neu ei gred trwy addysgu, arddel, addoli a chadw defodau.
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Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom,
either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. |
Erthygl 19.
Y mae gan bawb ryddid barn a mynegiant; fe gynnwys yr hawl hwn ryddid i
goleddu barnau, heb ymyrryd gan neb, a rhyddid i geisio, derbyn a chyfrannu
gwybodaeth a syniadau trwy unrhyw gyfryngau, a hynny heb ystyried
ffiniau-gwlad.
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Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this
right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. |
Erthygl 20.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i ryddid ymgynnull a chymdeithasu heddychol.
- Ni ellir gorfodi neb i berthyn i unrhyw gymdeithas.
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Article 20
- Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and
association.
- No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
|
Erthygl 21.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i gymryd rhan yn llywodraeth ei wlad, yn uniongyrchol
neu drwy gynrychiolwyr wedi eu dewis yn rhydd.
- Y mae gan bawb fel ei gilydd hawl i ddal swydd gyhoeddus yn ei wlad.
- Ewyllys y bobl yw sail awdurdod llywodraeth gyhoeddus; dylid mynegi’r
ewyllys hon drwy etholiadau dilys o bryd i’w gilydd, drwy bleid-leisio
cyffredinol a chydradd, a dylid eu cynnal drwy bleidlais ddirgel neu
ddull-pleidleisio cydradd a fo’n gwarantu rhyddid y bleidlais.
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Article 21
- Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
- Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his
country.
- The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be
by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free
voting procedures.
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Erthygl 22.
Y mae gan bawb, fel aelod o gymdeithas, hawl i ddiogelwch cymdeithasol, i
allu mwynhau iawnderau economaidd, cymdeithasol a diwylliannol sy’n
anhepgorol i’w urddas ac i ddatblygiad rhydd ei bersonoliaeth, trwy ymdrech
genedlaethol a chydweithrediad cydwladol ac yn unol â threfniadaeth ac
adnoddau pob Gwladwriaeth.
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Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security
and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and
in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social
and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality. |
Erthygl 23.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i waith, i ddewis ei orchwyl yn rhydd, i amodau-gwaith
cyfiawn a boddhaol, ac i amddiffyniad rhag diweithdra.
- Y mae gan bawb, yn ddiwahaniaeth, hawl i dâl cydradd am waith cydradd.
- Y mae gan bawb sy’n gweithio hawl i dâl teg a boddhaol gan sicrhau
iddo’i hun ac i’w deulu fodolaeth deilwng o urddas dyn, ac ychwanegu at
hynny, os bydd rhaid, drwy foddion eraill o amddiffyniad cymdeithasol.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i ffurfio gydag eraill undebau llafur ac i ymuno â
hwy i amddiffyn ei fuddiannau.
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Article 23
- Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just
and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
- Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for
equal work.
- Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and
supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
- Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his interests.
|
Erthygl 24.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i orffwys a hamdden ac yn anad dim i gyfyngiad rhesymol
ar oriau gwaith, ac i wyliau cyfnodol gyda thâl.
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Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. |
Erthygl 25.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i safon-byw digonol i’w iechyd a’i ffyniant ef ei
hun a’i deulu, yn anad dim i ymborth, dillad, annedd a gofal meddygol ac i
wasanaethau cymdeithasol angenrheidiol; a hawl i sicrwydd cynhaliaeth os
digwydd diweithdra, afiechyd, analluogrwydd, gweddwdod, henaint neu unrhyw
wall bywoliaeth arall pan fo’r amgylchiadau’n annibynnol ar ei ewyllys
ef.
- Y mae gan famolaeth a mebyd hawl i ymgeledd a chymorth arbennig. Dylai pob
plentyn, pa un bynnag ai mewn priodas ai allan o briodas y’i ganed,
fwynhau’r un diogelwch cymdeithasol.
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Article 25
- Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the
health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
- Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance.
All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
|
Erthygl 26.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i addysg. Dylai addysg fod yn rhydd, o leiaf addysg
elfennol a sylfaenol. Dylai addysg elfennol fod yn orfodol. Dylid gwneud
addysg dechnegol a phroffesiynol yn agored y bawb, a dylai fod mynediad
llawn a chydradd i bawb i addysg uwchradd ar sail teilyngdod.
- Dylai addysg amcanu datblygu personoliaeth dyn yn llawn a chryfhau parch i
iawnderau dyn a’r rhyddfreintiau sylfaenol. Dylai hyrwyddo dealltwriaeth,
goddefgarwch a chyfeillgarwch ymysg yr holl genhedloedd ac ymysg grwpiau
hiliogaethol a chrefyddol, a dylai hefyd hyrwyddo gwaith y Cenhedloedd
Unedig dros heddwch.
- Gan rieni y mae’r hawl cyntaf i ddewis y math o addysg a roddir i’w
plant.
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Article 26
- Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at
least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher
education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
- Education shall be directed to the full development of the human
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
- Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall
be given to their children.
|
Erthygl 27.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i gymryd rhan ym mywyd diwylliannol ei gymdeithas, i
fwynhau’r celfyddydau ac i gyfranogi o gynnydd gwyddonol ac o’r budd
sy’n deillio o hynny.
- Y mae gan bawb hawl i fynnu diogelwch i’r buddiannau moesol a materol
sy’n deillio o unrhyw gynnyrch gwyddonol llenyddol neu artistig y mae ef
yn awdur iddo.
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Article 27
- Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of
the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
- Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material
interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is
the author.
|
Erthygl 28.
Y mae gan bawb hawl i drefn gymdeithasol a chydwladol lle y gellir llawn
sylweddoli’r iawnderau a’r rhyddfreintiau a nodir yn y Datganiad hwn.
|
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which
the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. |
Erthygl 29.
- Y mae gan bawb ei ddyletswyddau i gymdeithas, lle yn unig y mae datblygiad
rhydd a llawn ei bersonoliaeth yn bosibl.
- Ni ddylid cyfyngu ar neb, wrth iddo arfer ei hawliau a’i ryddfreintiau,
ond pan bennir hynny gan gyfraith gyda’r unig amcan o sicrhau cydnabod a
pharchu hawliau a rhyddfreintiau pobl eraill, ac i gyfarfod â gofynion
cyfiawn moesoldeb, trefn gyhoeddus a ffyniant cyffredinol mewn cymdeithas
ddemocrataidd.
- Ni ellir ymarfer â’r iawnderau a’r rhyddfreintiau hyn mewn unrhyw
achos yn groes i amcanion ac egwyddorion y Cenhedloedd Unedig.
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Article 29
- Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
- In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject
only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
|
Erthygl 30.
Ni ellir dehongli dim yn y Datganiad hwn i olygu bod gan Wladwriaeth, grŵp
neu berson hawl o gwbl i ymroddi i unrhyw weithgarwch na chyflawni unrhyw
weithred gyda’r bwriad o ddistrywio unrhyw un o’r hawliau a’r
rhyddfreintiau a nodir yma.
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Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any
State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at
the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. |