| Consonants |
|---|
| IPA | Nagari[1] | IAST | English equivalent |
|---|
| b | ब | b | abash | | bʱ | भ | bh | abhor | | c | च | c | catch | | cʰ | छ | ch | choose | | d̪ | द | d | ado | | d̪ʱ | ध | dh | adhere | | ɖ | ड | ḍ | guard | | ɖʱ | ढ | ḍh | guardhouse | | ɡ | ग | g | agate | | ɡʱ | घ | gh | pigheaded | | h | ः | ḥ | head | | ɦ | ह | h | ahead | | j | य | y | yak | | ɟ | ज | j | hedge | | ɟʱ | झ | jh | hedgehog | | k | क | k | scan | | kʰ | ख | kh | can | | l | ल | l | leaf | | m | म | m | much [2] | | n̪ | न | n | not [2] | | ɳ | ण | ṇ | burner [2] | | ɲ | ञ | ñ | canyon [2] | | ŋ | ङ | ṅ | bank [2] | | p | प | p | span | | pʰ | फ | ph | pan | | r | र | r | | | s̪ | स | s | sue | | ʂ | ष | ṣ | worship | | ɕ | श | ś | shoe | | t̪ | त | t | stable | | t̪ʰ | थ | th | table | | ʈ | ट | ṭ | art | | ʈʰ | ठ | ṭh | art-historian | | ʋ | व | v | between ‹w› and ‹v› |
| | Vowels [2][3] |
|---|
| IPA | Nagari[1] | IAST | English equivalent |
|---|
| ə | अ, प | a | nut | | ɑː | आ, पा | ā | bra | | eː | ए, पे | e | between yell and Yale | | i | इ, पि | i | happy | | iː | ई, पी | ī | feet | | l̩ | ऌ, पॢ | ḷ | Syllabic ‹l›: bottle | | l̩ː | ॡ, पॣ | ḹ | Long syllabic ‹l› | | oː | ओ, पो | o | old | | r̩ | ऋ, पृ | ṛ | Syllabic ‹r›: better | | r̩ː | ॠ, पॄ | ṝ | Long syllabic ‹r›: bird | | u | उ, पु | u | look | | uː | ऊ, पू | ū | loot | | əi | ऐ, पै | ai | | | əu | औ, पौ | au | |
| Other symbols |
|---|
| IPA | Nagari[1] | IAST | English equivalent |
|---|
| ̃ | ँ | ṃ | nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) [2] | | ˈ | | | stress (placed before stressed syllable) |
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